70% Surge Seen in PCOS Patient Cases over Past 5 years, Says Doctor

FARIDABAD, September 20: There has been a 70% surge in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) cases over the past five years, according to leading a medical professional at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad. This increase, attributed largely to unhealthy lifestyles, has been associated with a rise in insulin resistance, which is a key factor in PCOS development, according to the expert.

PCOS is a complex hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by cysts in the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne. The prevalence of PCOS in India is significant, with an incidence rate of 26%. This condition is often accompanied by insulin resistance, which is a major contributing factor to its symptoms and complications.

Dr. Deepti Sharma, Senior Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amrita Hospital, Faridabad said, “The rise in PCOS cases is closely linked to lifestyle changes, particularly increased sedentary behaviour and consumption of processed, high-calorie foods, leading to insulin resistance. Several ideas have been provided to explain the aetiology of PCOS. The function of insulin resistance (IR) which is independent of fat is significant. It is associated with hyperinsulinemia, which drives excessive ovarian androgen production. Insulin resistance is amplified by obesity. Inherent insulin resistance in PCOS is attributed to inappropriate reaction to insulin in metabolically active marginal tissues including adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Obese females with PCOS are more susceptible to insulin resistance, which might lead to abnormal glucose and lipid catabolism. Moreover, increasing insulin lowers the circulating amount of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and promotes free androgens, which constrains follicle formation resulting in irregular menses and impotence.”

Without timely diagnosis and intervention, PCOS can lead to more severe health complications such as hypertension, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even certain cancers, including endometrial and breast cancer.

“When detected early, lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management can significantly reduce the risk of complications, improve fertility outcomes, and enhance overall quality of life. Treatment options for PCOS range from lifestyle changes to medications such as Metformin, low-dose contraceptive pills, and anti-androgenic medications. In more severe cases, surgical interventions like laparoscopic ovarian drilling or fertility treatments like IVF may be considered,” emphasized Dr. Sharma.

To reduce the risk of insulin resistance and manage PCOS, dietary and fitness recommendations are essential. “A low-carb, high-fiber diet, regular exercise such as brisk walking or swimming, and yoga have proven effective in improving insulin sensitivity and hormonal balance. Additionally, avoiding processed foods, managing stress, and maintaining a healthy weight are key strategies for preventing and managing PCOS,” she added.

With the rapid increase in PCOS cases, addressing unhealthy lifestyle factors has become a top priority for medical professionals, especially given the connection between obesity, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances in PCOS patients. With proper awareness, lifestyle adjustments, and medical care, women can manage their PCOS effectively, reducing both short- and long-term health risks.